One format of citation that you may be asked to provide in assignments is Chicago Style (no, not the pizza!). This citation format is primarily used in fields such as history, information science, and some of the humanities. The most current edition of Chicago style is the 18th edition, which was published in 2024.
Uniquely, Chicago citations require footnoting at the bottom of the document page where a source is cited in addition to a Works Cited at the end of the work. Formatting is slightly different for Note Citations vs. Bibliographic Entries. These are showcased below.
Note citations should be numbered in order of when they are cited. Numbers should not be reused even when citing the same source again. The first time a reference is cited, write out the fully formatted note citation - if it is cited again elsewhere, use the shortened note citation format.
Authors in a note citation should be written as First M. Last Name
E.g. Amy J. Binder and Jeffrey L. Kidder
Titles of book chapters should be surrounded by quotation marks
Titles of book chapters and books should be fully capitalized except for articles (i.e. the, in, of, and, but, etc.)
Titles of books should be italicized
Citation Type |
Full Note Citation |
Shortened Note |
|
Whole Book (Print) |
#. Author Name, Title of Book (Publisher, Year), page. 1. Charles Yu, Interior Chinatown (Pantheon Books, 2020), 45. |
#. Last Name, Title of Book, page. 2. Yu, Interior Chinatown, 48. |
|
Chapter or Other Part of an Edited Book |
#. Author Name, "Book Chapter Title," in Title of Book, ed. Editor Name (Publisher, Year), page. 3. Kathleen Doyle, "The Queen Mary Psalter," in The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World's Greatest Invention, ed. P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin (University of Chicago Press, 2023), 64. |
#. Last Name, "Book Chapter Name," page. 4. Doyle, "Queen Mary Psalter," 65. |
|
Whole Book (Electronic) |
#. Author Name, Title of Book (Publisher, Year), chap. # or page, Database Name or URL. 5. Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders' Constitution (University of Chicago Press, 1987), chap. 10, https://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/ |
#. Last Name, Title of Book, chap. or page. 6. Kurland and Lerner, Founders' Constitution, chap. 4. |
Authors in a note citation should be written as First M. Last Name
E.g. Amy J. Binder and Jeffrey L. Kidder
Article titles should be surrounded in quotations and fully capitalized except for articles (i.e. and, in, of, the, etc.)
Journal title should be italicized
Issue number is abbreviated as 'no. __'
Citation Type |
Full Note Citation |
Shortened Note |
|
Journal Article |
#. First M. Author, "Title of Article," Title of Journal volume, no. XX (Year): page-page, https://www.doi.org/xxxxx. 1. Hyeyoung Kwon, "Inclusion Work: Children of Immigrants Claiming Membership in Everyday Life," American Journal of Sociology 127, no. 6 (2022): 1842-43, https://www.doi.org/10.1086/720277. |
#. Last Name, "Article Title Before Colon," page. 2. Kwon, "Inclusion Work," 1843. |
As many websites do not have authors, website citations simply begin with the title of the webpage
If a website does not list a publication date or updated date, include an accessed date
If the date is when it was published, use 'effective Month Day, Year'
If updated, use 'last modified Month Day, Year'
If the time of when the site was published, modified, or accessed is available, include it after the year
Citation Type |
Full Note Citation |
Shortened Note |
|
Website |
#. "Title of website," Domain or Organization Name, published or last modified Month Day, Year Time, URL. 1. "Seahorse," Wikimedia Foundation, last modified October 7, 2024 22:26 (EST). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seahorse. |
#. "Website Title." 2. "Seahorse." |
Unlike note citations, bibliographies are organized alphabetically by the first author's last name regardless of where they are cited in the body of the work.
The first author listed in a bibliographic citation should be formatted as Last Name, First Name Middle Initial
E.g. Binder, Amy J.
All following authors should be listed as First Name Middle Initial Last Name
E.g. Jeffrey L. Kidder
First names should be written out in full if they are available. If not, just give the first initial.
Titles of book chapters should be surrounded by quotation marks
Titles of book chapters and books should be fully capitalized except for articles (i.e. the, in, of, and, but, etc.)
Titles of books should be italicized
Citation Type |
Citation Template |
Citation Example |
|
Whole Book (Print) |
Author, First M., First M. Author, & First M. Author. Title of Book. Publisher, Year. |
Binder, Amy J., and Jeffrey L. Kidder. The Channels of Student Activism: How the Left and Right Are Winning (and Losing) in Campus Politics Today. University of Chicago Press, 2022. |
|
Whole Book (Edited) |
Editor, E. E. E., and First M. Editor, eds. Title of Book. Publisher, Year. |
Marks, P. J. M., and Stephen Parkin, eds. The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World's Greatest Invention. University of Chicago Press, 2023. |
|
Chapter or Other Part of an Edited Book |
Author, First M. "Name of book chapter." In Title of Book, edited by E. E. E. Editor and Editor Editor. Publisher, Year. |
Doyle, Kathleen. "The Queen Mary Psalter." In The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World's Greatest Invention, edited by P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin. University of Chicago Press, 2023. |
|
Whole Book (Electronic) |
Author, First M. Name of the Book. Nth ed. Publisher, Year. Chap. or page. Database or URL. |
Borel, Brooke. The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking. 2nd ed. University of Chicago Press, 2023. EBSCOhost. |
The first author listed in a bibliographic citation should be formatted as Last Name, First Name Middle Initial
E.g. Binder, Amy J.
All following authors should be listed as First Name Middle Initial Last Name
E.g. Jeffrey L. Kidder
Article titles should be surrounded in quotations and fully capitalized except for articles (i.e. and, in, of, the, etc.)
Journal title should be italicized
Issue number is abbreviated as 'no. __'
Citation Type |
Citation Template |
Citation Example |
|
Journal Article |
Last Name, First Name M. "Title of Article." Title of Journal volume, no. __ (Year): page-page. DOI or URL. |
Kwon, Hyeyoung. "Inclusion Work: Children of Immigrants Claiming Membership in Everyday Life." American Journal of Sociology 127, no. 6 (2022): 1818-59. https://www.doi.org/10.1086/720277. |
If a website does not list a publication date or updated date, include an accessed date
If the date is when it was published, use 'effective Month Day, Year'
If updated, use 'last modified Month Day, Year'
If the time of when the site was published, modified, or accessed is available, include it after the year
Citation Type |
Citation Template |
Citation Example |
|
Website |
Domain or Organization Name. "Title of website." Accessed Month Day, Year, at HH:MM (Time Zone). URL. |
Yale University. "About Yale: Yale Facts." Accessed March 8, 2022. https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts. |
The Franco Library keeps the Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition at the library circulation desk. Students are welcome to use the manual during staffed library hours upon request. The manual is for in-library use only.
