One format of citation that you may be asked to provide in assignments are that of the American Medical Association (AMA) style. This citation format is primarily used in the health sciences and medical disciplines. The most current edition of AMA style is the 11th edition, which was published in 2019.
AMA citations are organized numerically. After citing a source in the text of your paper, a superscript number is added at the end of the sentence following the period. The superscript number corresponds with the number in the bibliographic citation, which are organized in the order that they are referred to in text.
When citing a book chapter (print or electronic), be sure to include page numbers
If there are less than 6 authors or editors, list them all
If there are more than 6 authors or editors, list the first three followed by 'et al'
Citation Type |
Citation Template |
Citation Example |
Edited Book |
#. Author AA, Author BB, Author CC. Title of Book. XXth ed. Publisher Name; Publication date. |
1. Martin A, Scahill L, Kratochvil C. Pediatric Psychopharmacology. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press; 2011. |
Chapter in an Edited Book |
#. Author AA, Author BB, Author CC. Title of chapter. In: Editor DD, Editor EE, Editor FF, et al, eds. Title of Book. XXth ed. Publisher Name; Publication date; page numbers. |
2. Passmore HA, Holder MD. Gaming For Good: Video Games and Enhancing Prosocial Behavior. In: Graham J, ed. Video Games: Parents' Perceptions, Role of Social Media, and Effects on Behavior. Nova Science Publishers; 2014; 141-167. |
If there are less than 6 authors or editors, list them all
If there are more than 6 authors or editors, list the first three followed by 'et al'
If a digital article doesn't have a DOI, include the date that the article was accessed online and the URL from the journal publisher's website
If an article was accessed in print, do not include a DOI or URL - the citation would end after the page numbers
Citation Type |
Citation Template |
Citation Example |
Journal Article (6 or less authors) with DOI |
#. Author AA, Author BB, Author CC, Author DD, Author EE, Author FF. Title of Article. Journal Abbrev. Publication Year; volume number(issue number):page xx-xx. doi: 10.1234567890 |
1. Yang FJ, Ma L, Yang J, Zhu ZL, Wang CH. Intranasal Vasopressin Relieves Orthopedic Pain After Surgery. Pain Manag Nurs. 2019;20(2):126-132. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2018.06.001 |
Journal Article (over 6 authors) with DOI |
#. Author AA, Author BB, Author CC et al. Title of Article. Journal Abbrev. Publication Year; volume number(issue number):page xx-xx. doi: 10.1234567890 |
2. Cardoso D, Couto F, Cardoso AF et al. The Effectiveness of an Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Educational Program on Undergraduate Nursing Students' EBP Knowledge and Skills: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(1):293. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18010293 |
Journal Article without DOI |
#. Author AA, Author BB, Author CC, et al. Title of Article. Journal Abbrev. Publication Year; volume number(issue number):page xx-xx. Accessed Month Day, Year. http://www.publisherurl.com |
3. D'Souza S, Mayock S, Salt A. A review of in vivo and in vitro aspects of alcohol-induced dose dumping. AAPS Open. 2017;3(5). Accessed October 10, 2024. https://aapsopen.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41120-017-0014-9 |
If no specific author is listed, name the organization responsible for the site as the author
Include the website's published date if it's available, or the date it was most recently updated
Include the date the website was accessed
Citation Type |
Citation Template |
Citation Example |
Website with Author |
#. Author AA. Title of the specific website being cited. Name of the website's domain. Published Date. Accessed Month Day, Year. https://www.url.org |
1. Angel T. Everything You Need to Know About ADHD. Healthline. Updated November 1, 2023. Accessed October 10, 2024. https://www.healthline.com/health/adhd |
Website without Author |
#. Title of the specific website being cited. Name of the organization responsible for the website. Published Date. Accessed Month Day, Year. https://www.url.org |
2. Learning Disabilities. National Library of Medicine. Updated March 20, 2023. Accessed October 10, 2024. https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html |
The Franco Library keeps the AMA Manual of Style 11th edition at the library circulation desk. Students are welcome to use the manual during staffed library hours upon request. The manual is for in-library use only.