Welcome to Alvernia Library's guide to Evidence-based Practice. Please explore this guide for tips and resources to aide you in your evidence-based literature searching. Feel free to contact a librarian with any questions or concerns!
Evidence-Based Practice requires new skills including efficient literature searching, and the application of formal rules of evidence in evaluating the clinical literature.
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ASSESS the patient |
1. Start with the patient -- a clinical problem or question arises from the care of the patient |
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ASK the question |
2. Construct a well-built clinical question derived from the case |
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ACQUIRE the evidence |
3. Select the appropriate resource(s) and conduct a search |
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APPRAISE the evidence |
4. Appraise that evidence for its validity (closeness to the truth) and applicability (usefulness in clinical practice) |
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APPLY: talk to the patient |
5. Return to the patient -- integrate that evidence with clinical expertise, patient preferences and apply it to practice |
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Self-evaluation |
6. Evaluate your performance with this patient |
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Type of Question |
Type of Research (Publication/ Article/ Study Type) |
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Therapy |
Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) |
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Prevention |
RCT – Cohort Study – Case Control |
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Diagnosis |
RCT – Cohort Study |
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Prognosis |
Cohort Study – Case Control – Case Series – Case Report |
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Etiology/Harm |
RCT – Cohort Study – Case Control |
Depending on the type of question you have, you can focus your search to certain study types.
Create a clinical question using PICO(t) helps your focus you search.
P- Population
I- Intervention
C- Comparison
O- Outcome
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P- Population |
I- Intervention |
C- Comparison |
O - Outcome |
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Problem and/or Patient |
Intervention or Indicator |
Comparison Intervention |
Outcome |
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What are the characteristics of the patient or population? What is the condition or disease you are interested in? |
What main intervention are you considering? What do you want to do with this patient? |
What is the alternative to the intervention, if any (e.g. placebo, different drug, surgery)? |
What are the relevant outcomes (measure, improve or affect)?
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Adults with acute bronchitis |
Treated with antibiotics |
Vs. inhaled albuterol |
Have improved clinical symptoms earlier? |